Physiology

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of

a. glycogen

b. protein

c. steroids

d. lipids

Which ion is found in greater concentration inside the cell

a. K

b. Na

c. Cl

d. HCO3

Which ion is found in greater concentration outside the cell

a. K

b. Na

c. Cl

d. HCO3

Loss of water from tissues is called

a. hypotension

b. dehydration

c. edema

d. none of them

Which of the following is NOT synthesised in post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons:

a) L-dopa
b) dopamine
c) noradrenaline
d) adrenaline
e) acetylcholine

Toxins that increase the cyclic AMP content of the intestinal mucosa cause diarrhoea because they:

a) increase Cl- secretion into the intestinal lumen

b) increase Na+ absorption in the small intestine

c) increase K+ secretion into the colon

d) increase Na+/K+ co-transport K+

 secretion into the colon

e) none of the above

Regarding calcium metabolism:

a) approximately 60% of filtered calcium is reabsorbed by the kidney
b) absorption of calcium in the gastrointestinal tract is mainly by passive
diffusion
c) the extent of Ca++ binding by plasma proteins is inversely proportionate to
the plasma protein level
d) levels of 1,25dihydroxycholecalciferol fall in the presence of increased
plasma Ca++

e) the majority of calcium present in bone is readily exchangeable

Regarding renal compensation in respiratory acidosis and alkalosis:

a) the rate of HCO3 reabsorption is inversely proportional to the arterial PCO2
b) in respiratory acidosis, HCO3 reabsorption is reduced
c) changes in plasma chloride concentration are proportional to CHO3
concentration
d) in respiratory alkalosis, renal H+
secretion is increased
e) HCO3 reabsorption depends upon the rate of H+ secretion by the renal
tubular cells

Regarding extracellular volume maintenance:

a) control of sodium balance is the major mechanism maintaining ECF volume

b) a rise in ECF volume stimulates vasopressin secretion

c) osmotic stimuli over-ride volume stimuli in the regulation of vasopressin

secretion

d) vasopressin causes Na+

 retention by the kidney

e) angiotensin II inhibits aldosterone secretion

Regarding the intracellular fluid, which is NOT CORRECT?

a) it accounts for 40% of body weight

b) its volume can be estimated using radio-active inulin

c) it contains more protein (in mg/L water) than extracellular fluid

d) the composition of intracellular fluid varies with the nature and function of

the cell

e) all of the above are true